The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020: Popular Information

In the last blog, I introduced popular information about physics in 2020, in this blog, I'm going to write about popular information about physics in 2020. This is the link to what I want to write https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2020/10/popular-physicsprize2020-1.pdf.

The Nobel prize was given to two fields and three persons. ROGER PENROSE won The Nobel prize for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity, and REINHARD GENZEL and ANDREA GHEZ won The Nobel prize for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy.

What is the Black Hole?

Einstein announced General Theory Of Relativity from 1915 to 1916. In general theory of relativity, one numerical formula called Einstein's equation has described some phenomena. Blow is the Einstein's equation \[ G_{\mu \nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu \nu} = \kappa T_{\mu \nu}  \]

It seems simple but when we describe Einstein's equation, we use the shorthand notation called Einstein's notation. For example. \[ \sum_{i=1}^n a_ib_i = a_1b_1 + a_2b_2 + \cdots +a_nb_n = a_ib_i \]

This equation is called a nonlinear partial differential equation, so it is impossible to lead a general solution, however, if we impose some conditions on this differential equation, we can lead to a strict solution called Schwarzschild solution, and predict that if the extremely small and supermassive matter exists, it makes the area that the fastest light in the universe cannot escape.

ROGER PENROSE's Achievements

As I mentioned above, a Black Hole was predicted to exist theoretically, but a lot of physicists then thought that the conditions of existing a Black Hole are hard so, there are no Black Holes in reality. however, ten years later Einstein died, ROGER PENROSE proved that a Black Hole can be formed even in reality, and described its properties. At their heart, black holes hide a singularity, a boundary at which all the known laws of nature break down. 

REINHARD GENZEL and ANDREA GHEZ's Achievements

REINHARD GENZEL and ANDREA GHEZ observed thirty planets that revolve around the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way used a high-image resolution telescope in separate teams. From Kepler's laws and the law of gravitation, we can estimate how much does the matter of the center of the Milky Way has. The two teams conclude that the black hole at the center of the Milky Way should be equivalent to around 4 million solar masses, packed into a region the size of our solar system.